Phó͘-thong seng-bu̍t-ha̍k/Seng-bu̍t ê ki-pún hun-lūi

Hiān-tāi ê seng-bu̍t-ha̍k kā só͘-ū ê seng-bu̍t lio̍k hun 3 toā "he̍k", "léng-he̍k", Eng-gí kóng "Domain". Chia-ê 3 toā he̍k sī:

• Kó͘-sè-khún (Archea)
• Sè-khún (Bacteria)
• Chin-he̍k seng-bu̍t (Eukarya)

Lán kā chit khoán hun-hoat kiò chò "3 he̍k hē-thóng". Lēng-goā, chóng-sī mā ū kî-tha ê hun-lūi hong-ha̍k, chhan-chhiūⁿ kha thoân-thóng ê 2 toā-lūi hē-thóng:

• Goân-he̍k seng-bu̍t (Prokaryota): Kó-sè-khún + Sè-khún
• Chin-he̍k seng-bu̍t (Eukaryota)

Mā ū lâng bô ēng he̍k ê kài-liām, tit-chiap tùi "kài" (kingdom) khai-sí hun, thiah chò 6 toā lūi:

• Chin-sè-khún (Eubacteria)
• Kó͘-sè-khún (Archaebacteria)
• Goân-seng seng-bu̍t (Protista)
• Si̍t-bu̍t (Plantae)
• Chin-khún (Fungi)
• Tōng-bu̍t (Animalia)